Anna University, Chennai
16 MARKS
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
UNIT- I (STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE MEMBERS)
1. (a) A piston of a reciprocating compressor has a diameter of 60mm. The
maximum pressure on the piston fall is 1.25MN/m2.Assuming the gudgeon
pin passing through the small end of the connecting rod can be safely loaded
in shear up to 10MN/m2, Calculate the minimum diameter of the gudgeon
pin. (8)
(b) Explain with mathematical expressions. Maximum principal stress theory
and Von-Mises-Henky theory (8)
2. (a) Determine the diameter of the steel bar, which is a ductile in a nature
subjected to an axial load of 60KN and torsional moment of 1600N-m.Use
the factor of safety 2.5.E=200GPa. (8)
(b) Explain with mathematical expressions. Maximum shear theory and
Venant's theory (8)
ME2303– DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
3. A steel member is subjected to a 3-D stress system and resulting principal
stress are 120N/mm2 tension, 80N/mm2and 40N/mm2 compression. If the
proportional limit of the material in simple tension is 280N/mm2 and its
poison's ratio is O.3.Determine the factor of safety according to (a)
Maximum principal stress theory (b) Maximum principal strain theory (c)
Maximum shear stress theory. (16)
4. A bolt is subjected to a tensile load of 25KN and a shear load of 10KN.
Determine the diameter of the bolt according to (a) Maximum principal
stress theory (b) Maximum principal strain theory (c) Maximum shear stress
theory. Assume factor of safety 2.5, Yield point stress in simple tension
300N/mm2, Poisson's ratio is 0.25. (16)
5. Taking stress concentration in to account find the maximum stress
induced when a tensile load of 20KN is applied to (i) A rectangular plate
80mm wide and 12mm thick with a transverse hole of 16mm diameter.(ii)A
stepped shaft of diameters 60mm and 30mm width a fillet radius of
6mm.(16)
6. A circular bar is simply supported with a span of 0.5mand is subjected to
a concentrated cyclic load at its midspan. The load varies from a minimum
value of20KN to maximum value of 45 KN. The load 3 direction is transverse
to the shaft axis. Decide upon the diameter of the bar taking a factor of
safety of 1.5 and factor of 0.85 and 0.89 respectively for size effect and
surface finish. Take often following values for material properties. Ultimate
strength = 650N/mm2, Yield strength = 450N/mm2
Endurance strength =350N/mm2 (16)
7. The bending stress in a machine part fluctuates between a tensile stress
of 280N/mm2 and a compressive stress of 140N/mm2. What should be the
minimum ultimate tensile strength of this part to carry this fluctuation
indefinitely according to (i) Goodman's formula (ii) Soderberg formula Factor
of safety is 1. 75. Assume that the yield point is never likely to be less than
55% of the Ultimate tensile strength or greater than 93 % of it. (16)
8. Determine the thickness of a 120mm wide uniform plate for safe
continuous operation if the plate is to be subjected to a tensile load that has
a maximum value of 1000N.The properties of the plate materials are as
follows. Endurance limit stress is 225MPa and yield point stress is
300MPa.The factor of safety based on yield point may be taken as 1.5. (16)
9. A hot rolled bar of steel is subjected to a torsional load varying from-
150N-m to 450N-m. Determine the required diameter of the bar using a
factor of safety of 1.7. Properties of the material may be assumed as follow.
Ultimate tensile stress = 450MPa Yield stress = 300MPa (16)
10.A transmission of shaft made C45 steel subjected to a fluctuating torque
varying from -100N-m to +500N-m.Also a fluctuating bending moment acts
on the shaft which varies from +500N-m to -500Nm. Let the stress
concentration factor be 2. The shaft is machined for a factor of safety
1.5.Determine the required diameter of the shaft. (16)
UNIT -II (DESIGN OF SHAFTS, KEYS AND COUPLINGS)
1. A line shaft rotating at 200rpm is to transmit 20KW power. the allowable
shear stress for the shaft material is 42N/mm2.If the shaft carries a central
load of 900N and is simply supported between bearing 3meters apart
determine the diameter of the shaft. The maximum tensile or compressive
stress is not to exceed 56N/mm2 (16)
2. An electric generator rotates at 200rpm and receives 300KW from the
driving engine. The armature of the generator is 60cm long and located
between bearing 120cm center to center. Owing to the combined weight of
armature and magnetic pull, the shaft is subjected to 9000kg acting at right
angles to the shaft. The ultimate stress for the shaft is 4480kg/cm2 and
shear stress is 3920kg/cm2.Find the diameter of the shaft for a factor of
safety of 6. (16)
3. A mild steel shaft transmit 23KW to 200rpm.It carries a central load of
900N and is simply supported between the bearing 2.5meters apart.
Determine the size of the shaft, if the allowable shear stress is 42MPa and
the maximum tensile or compressive stress is not exceed 56MPa. What size
of the shaft will be required, if it is subjected to gradually applied load? (16)
4. A shaft to transmit 50KW at 1200rpm.It is also subjected to a bending
moment of 275NNm.Allowable shear stress is 60N/mm2.The shaft is not to
twist more than 20 in a length of 2m.G=80XI03N/mm2.Design a shaft. (16)
. A factory line shaft is 4.5m long and is to transmit 75KW at
200rpm.The allowable stress in shear is 45MPa and maximum
allowable twist is 10 in a length of 20mm diameter. Determine the
required shaft diameter. (16)
8. Design and draw a cast iron flange coupling for a mild steel shaft
transmitting 90KW at 250rpm. The allowable shear stress in the shaft
is 40MPa and the angle of twist is not to exceed 10mm in a length of
20mm diameters. The allowable shear stress in the coupling bolt is
30MPa. (16)
9. Design a cast iron protective type flange coupling to transmit 15KW at
900rpm from an electric motor to a compressor. The service factor may
be assumed as 1.35. The following permissible stress may be used: Shear
stress for the shaft, bolt and key material=40MPa Crushing stress for bolt
and key=80Mpa Shear stress for cast iron=8Mpa (16)
10. A rigid type coupling is used to connect two shaft transmit 15KW at
200rpm.The shaft, key and bolts are made ofC45 steel and the coupling is
of C.I. Design the coupling. (16)
11. Design and sketch protective type C.I flange coupling to transmit
10KW at 250rpm. The permissible shear stress for key, shaft, and bolt as
50N/mm2.Take crushing stress of key as 90N/mm2 and shear stress for
C.I as 14N/mm2.Assume maximum torque is 30% higher than mean
torque.
(16)
12. A knuckle joint is to transmit a force of 140KN.Allowable stresses in
tension, shear and compression are 75N/mm2, 65N/mm2 and 140N/mm2
repectively.Design the joint. (16)
UNIT-III (DESIGN OF FASTNERS AND WELDED JOINTS)
I. The cylinder head of a steam engine with 250mm bore is fastened by
eight stud bolts made of 30C8 steel. Maximum pressure inside the cylinder is
1MPa.Determine the bolt size and approximate tightening torque. Take 20%
over load. Assume _y=300MPa. (16)
2. A steam of effective diameter 300mm is subjected to a steam pressure of
1.5N/mm2.The cylinder head is connected by 8 bolts having yield point
330MPa and endurance limit at 240MPa.The bolts are tightened with an
initial per load 1.5 times the steam load. A soft copper gasket is used to
make the joint leak proof. Assuming a factor of safety 2, find engine size of
bolt required. The stiffness factor for copper gasket may be taken as 0.5.
(16)
3. A steam engine cylinder has an effective diameter of350mm and the
maximum steam pressure acting on the cylinder cover is 5N/mm2.calculate
the number and the size of studs are required to fix the cylinder cover.
Assume the permissible stress in the stud 70N/mm2 (16)
4. A plate 100m wide and 12.5mm thick is to be welded to another plate by
means of two parallel fillet welds. The plates are subjected to a load of
50KN.Find the length of the weld so that the maximum stress does not
exceed 56N/mm2. (Do the calculations under static loading). (16)
5. A plate 75mm wide and 10mm thick is jointed with another plate by a
single transverse weld and double parallel fillet as shown in fig. The joint is
subjected to a maximum tensile force of 55KN. The permissible tensile and
shear stress are 70MPa and 50MPa respectively. Find the length of each
parallel fillet weld. (16)
6. Determine the length of the weld run for a plate of size 120mm wide and
15mm thick to be welded to another plate by means of (1) A single
transverse weld (2) Double parallel fillet welds when the joint is subjected to
variable loads. Assume (Tensile stress =70MPa, shear stress =56MPa.) (16)
UNIT -IV (DESIGN OF SPRINGS AND LEVERS)
1. A helical valve spring is to be designed for an operating load range of 90N
to 135N.The deflection of the spring for this load range is 7.5mm.Assuming
a spring index of 10, a permissible shear stress of 480N/mm2 and a
modulus of rigidity of 0.8Xl 05 N/mm2for the material, determine the
dimensions of the spring. (16)
2. A gas engine valve spring is to have a mean diameter 37.5mm.The
maximum load will have to sustain is 450N with a corresponding deflection
of 12.5mm.The spring is to be subjected to repeated loading and fatigue
must be considered a low working stress of 300N/mm2 will be used. Find the
sizefor the wire and number of coil used. Take rigidity of modulus as 0.8XI05
N/mm2 (16)
3. A compressive helical spring is required to exert a minimum force 250N
and maximum force of 600N and the deflection for this change in load to be
15mm. The spring must fit in a hole of 30mm diameter. The load is static.
Ultimate tensile stress is 1393N/mm2 and shear stress is 606Mpa. (16)
4. A closely coil helical spring is made of 10mm diameter steel wire, the coil
consisting of 10 complete turns with a mean diameter of 120mm.The springs
carries an axial pull of 200N.Determine also deflection in the spring, its
stiffness and strain energy stored by it if the modulus of rigidity of the
material is 80KN/mm2 (16)
5. A helical compression of spring made of oil tempered carbon steel is
subjected to a load which varies from 400N to 1000N. The spring index is 6
and the design factor of safety is 1.25.If the yield stress in shear is 770Mpa
,and endurance stress in shear is 350Mpa,find,(1) Size of the spring wire (2)
Diameter of the spring wire (3) Number of turns of the spring (4) Free
length of the spring. The compression of the spring at the maximum load is
30mm.The modulus of rigidity for the spring material may be taken as
80KN/mm2. (16)
6. A semi-elliptical leaf spring of 1m long and is required to resist a load of
50KN.The spring has 15 leaves of which three are full length leaves. The
width of central band is 100mm. All the leaves are to be stressed to
420MPa.The ratio of total depth to width is 3.Take, =2.1Xl05MPa.Determine,
(i) The thickness and width of the leaves. (ii)The initial gap that should be
provided between the full lengths and graduated leaves before assembly.
(iii)The load exerted on the band for the assembly. (16)
7. A leaf spring for a small trailer is to support a load of 8KN. The spring has
8 graduated leaves and 2 free full length leaves of spring steel of safe stress
380MPa.The over all length 1m and the central band is 80mm wide. Taking
ratio of total depth of leaves as 3.Design the spring and also determine the
deflection of the spring. Take, E=2.1XI05MPa. (16)
8. Design of leaf spring for a truck to the following specifications:
Maximum load on the spring = 140KN No of spring = 4 Material for spring
chromium vanadium steel Permissible tensile stress = 600N/mm2 Maximum
number of leaves =10 Span of spring = 1000mm Permissible deflection =
80mm Young's modulus of the spring = 200N/mm2 (16)
9. Design a cantilever leaf spring to absorb 600N-m energy without
exceeding a deflection of 150mm and a stress of 800N/mm2• The length of
the spring is 600mm. The material of the spring is
steel.Take,E=200KN/mm2 (16)
UNIT-V (DESIGN OF BEARING AND FLYWHEELS)
1. Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump with the following data:
Diameter of the journal = 150mm Load on bearing = 40KN Speed of journal
= 900rpm (16)
2. Design a journal bearing for a centrifugal pump from the following data:
Load on the journal=20000N, Speed of the journal=900rpm, Type of oil is
SAElO, for which the absolute viscosity at 55°C=0.017kg/m-s, Ambient
temperature of oil = 15.50C, Maximum bearing pressure for the
pump=1.5N/mm2.Calculate also mass of the lubricating oil required for
artificial cooling, If the rise of temperature, if the rise of temperature of oil
be limited to lOoC heat dissipation coefficient=1232W/m2/oC (16)
3. A full journal bearing of 50mm diameter and 100mm long has a bearing
pressure of l.4N/mm2• The speed of the journal is 900rpm and the ratio of
journal diameter to the diametric clearance is 1000. The bearing is
lubricated with oil, whose absolute viscosity at the operating temperature of
75°C may be taken as 0.011 kg/m-s. The room temperature is 350C.Find,
(1) The amount of artificial cooling required. (2)The mass of lubricating oil
required, if the difference between the outlet and inlet temperature of the oil
is 10°C. Take specific heat of oil as 1850J/Kg/0C. (16)
4. A 150mm diameter shaft supporting a load of 10KN has a speed of
1500rpm.The shaft run in whose bearing length is 1.5 times the shaft
diameter. If the diametric clearance of bearing is 0.15mm and the absolute
viscosity of the oil at the operating temperature is 0.011 Kg/m-s. Find the
power wasted in friction. (16)
5. The turning moment diagram of a multi-cylinder engine is drawn with a
scale of (1 mm = 1°) on the abscissa and (1 mm = 250 Nm)on the ordinate.
The intercepted between the torque developed by the engine and the mean
resisting torque of the machine, taken in order from one are -350,+800,-
600,+900, 11-550,+450,-650 mm2.The engine is running at a mean speed
fluctuations is limited to 0.02.A rimmed flywheel made of grey cast iron FG
200 (Density=7100Kg/m3) is provided. The spokes, shaft and hub are
assumed to contribute 10% of the required moment of inertia. The rim has
rectangular cross section and the ratio of width to thickness is 1.5.Determine
the dimensions of the rim. (16)
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